Microsoft claims that the new Kinect is so sensitive that it can see the slightest movement of your wrists and fingers, the tension of your muscles and, amazingly enough, even your heartbeat.
So next time you exercise in front of the TV, it will be able to tell how much you are really working out. But I bet there will be a lot more to this feature, like a first-person shooter reading your heart beat and muscle tension to spook you at the right moment. And kill you for real.
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#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char *strstr(); char sentence[80]; char search[80]; printf( "Enter a line of text: \n"); fgets(sentence, 80, stdin); printf("Enter your search query: \n"); fgets(search, 80, stdin); char *searchPtr; searchPtr = strstr(sentence, search); printf("%s\n", searchPtr); }
my output for -
Enter a line of text: love love hotdogs /*sentence*/ Enter your search query: love /*search*/ (null)/*searchPtr*/
but if I do this
Enter a line of text: love/*sentence*/ Enter your search query: love/*search*/ love/*searchPtr*/
obviously strstr is only pointing to the first 'string' in my array, or is only comparing my 2 strings to see if they are exact, but I am not sure why! This program is suppose to use the strstr function to point to a certain area of the sentence, and only read from that part of the sentence on. But it's hard when I can't get my pointer to point to anything!
-Thanks, this may come down to my lack of understand of pointers, but god am I trying to get it!
This post has been edited by jimblumberg: Yesterday, 10:06 PM Reason for edit:: Added missing code tags. Please learn to use them properly.
Is This A Good Question/Topic? 0
Replies To: Having trouble with the strstr function.
#2 jimblumberg ?
Reputation: 3048
Posts:9,282
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Re: Having trouble with the strstr function.
Posted Yesterday, 10:12 PM
Please explain what you intend by the following snippet:
char *strstr();
Why are you trying to redefine a standard function?
Next part of your problem is probably the new line character that is at the end of your strings. Remember that fgets() extracts the end of line character and places it into the string.
Today is turning out to be quite a memorable Monday -- hot on the heels of Yahoo's Tumblr acquisition announcement, online food ordering services GrubHub and Seamless have officially confirmed that the two companies will merge into one as we previously reported.
Caroline Manzo thought "The Real Housewives of New Jersey" was pretty much over after their last reunion special. On the "Watch What Happens: Live" special, "Jersey Housewives Tell All," she said she was proven totally wrong as the forthcoming Season 5 unfolded.
"How was it, digging back into your relationship with Teresa [Giudice] this season," Andy Cohen asked her.
"It?s hard, because, she to me, is an enigma. I just can?t, I can?t hate her," Manzo insisted.
On the season as a whole, Manzo said she's going to be on the edge of her seat with the viewing audience at home. I don?t know how it?s gonna end," she insisted.
She told "The Lowdown with Diana Madison" that the new season is worth the wait -- it premieres June 2. She even promises that they topped that reunion. "How do you top?" she asked. "We do. And it?s not staged -- it just happens!?
Tune in for the premiere of "The Real Housewives of New Jersey" on Sunday, June 2 at 8 p.m. ET. "Watch What Happens: Live" airs every Sunday through Thursday at 11 p.m. ET on Bravo.
TV Replay scours the vast television landscape to find the most interesting, amusing, and, on a good day, amazing moments, and delivers them right to your browser.
Christine White and William Shatner in "Nightmare At 20,000 Feet" in 1963.
Christine Lamson White may have had a career in Hollywood spanning over 20 years, but to many she'll always be known as "the woman on the plane next to William Shatner."
The actress starred alongside Shatner in the iconic "Twilight Zone" episode "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet," in which he believes he sees a gremlin tearing up the wing of the plane.
Lamson died on April 14 at Brinton Woods Nursing Home in Washington, D.C., as her death notice in the Carroll County Times reports. She was 86.
Washington, D.C. native White was born in 1926 and acted in plays while studying English at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She also earned a Masters degree in speech and drama from Catholic University. By the 1950s she had relocated to Hollywood and appeared in series including "Perry Mason," "The Loretta Young Show" and "Bonanza." According to the New York Times, she appeared in more than 50 television shows and movies during her acting career.
Eventually she left acting to return to Washington, D.C to help care for her aging mother, and wrote, produced and distributed quarterly bulletin called "The Rampart Papers."
Her obituary indicated that she "became acquainted with several celebrities" including James Dean; in a biography of the actor by Val Holley White admitted their relationship "did become romantic at times." She appeared in a 1976 dramatization of Dean's life, "James Dean" as a secretary; according to the IMDb it was her last acting credit.
After a week filled with political scandals, President Obama turned to promoting his jobs tour in his weekly address Saturday.
"That's why I like getting out of the Washington echo chamber whenever I can - because too often, our politics aren't focused on the same things you are. Working hard. Supporting your family and your community. Making sure your kids have every chance in life," Obama said in his weekly address Saturday.
obama
"I'm going to keep trying to work with both parties in Washington to make progress on your priorities. Because I know that if we come together around creating more jobs, educating more of our kids, and building new ladders of opportunity for everyone who's willing to climb them - we'll all prosper, together," he said.
The president traveled to Baltimore, Md. Friday on his second stop for the "Middle Class Jobs and Opportunity Tour." He spoke at a dredging company, visited with children at an elementary school, and stopped at a community center focused on helping fathers and families.
Obama's trip came as he tried to pivot attention back to his second term agenda as a series of political scandals involving the IRS, Benghazi, and the Department of Justice dominated much of the week.
But while the president attempted to divert attention from the political scandals of the week, Republicans used the incidents as a rallying call to repeal the healthcare law.
RELATED: IRS Planted Question About Tax Exempt Groups
"Now: just think about the fact that it's the IRS that will be responsible for enforcing many of these regulations. If we've learned anything this week, it's that the IRS needs less power, not more'" Rep. Andy Harris, R-MD, said in the GOP weekly address, "As a matter of fact, it turns out that the IRS official who oversaw the operation that's under scrutiny for targeting conservatives is now in charge of the IRS's ObamaCare office. You can't make this stuff up."
"Well here's the problem: the train wreck is already here. ObamaCare is knocking Americans off the ladder of opportunity, and the sooner we repeal it, the sooner we can start fixing health care for working families," he said.
[unable to retrieve full-text content]Two groups of M.I.T. entrepreneurs were working on similar ideas for high-tech clothing. But instead of becoming rivals, they combined their efforts into a single, growing company.
Add Oscar-winning actress and comedian Mo'Nique to the list of Hollywood stars who've recently dropped a great deal of weight. The actress told a radio station this week that she once weighed close to 300 pounds, has lost 80, and is continuing to drop weight.
AFP-Getty Images, @MoWorldWide/
Mo?Nique at the 2010 Oscars, left, and in 2013.
She told New York's Hot 97 FM on Monday that she has been tweeting her progress in hopes of inspiring others. "Because I want women to see ? especially us big women ? that you don?t have to let them cut you and suck it out," she said. "You don?t have to let them staple you up. You don?t have to let them give you a pill. You don?t have to let them put a band around your organs."
A tweet from Wednesday read, "Got in steps and 50 sit-ups. Did you give you, your best self today? Don't you deserve the BEST YOU. Love yall."
And other tweets shared her desire to lose the weight through diet and exercise and encouraged her fans to do the same.
The 5-foot-9-inch Mo'Nique said on the radio program that after "tipping 300" pounds, she now weighs 218 and has a goal of between 190 and 200 pounds.
She won the Academy Award for best supporting actress in 2009 for her role as an abusive mother in "Precious."
DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) ? It's all about the odds, and one lone ticket in Florida has beaten them all by matching each of the numbers drawn for the highest Powerball jackpot in history at an estimated $590.5 million, lottery officials said Sunday.
The single winner was sold at a Publix supermarket in Zephyrhills, Fla., according to Florida Lottery executive Cindy O'Connell. She told The Associated Press by telephone that more details would be released later.
"This would be the sixth Florida Powerball winner and right now, it's the sole winner of the largest ever Powerball jackpot," O'Connell told AP. "We're delighted right now that we have the sole winner."
She said Florida has had more Powerball winners than any other state.
The winner was not immediately identified publicly and O'Connell did not give any indication just hours after Saturday's drawing whether anyone had already stepped forward with that winning ticket.
With four out of every five possible combinations of Powerball numbers in play, lottery executives said earlier that someone was almost certain to win the game's highest jackpot, a windfall of hundreds of millions of dollars ? and that's after taxes.
Saturday night's winning numbers were 10, 13, 14, 22 and 52, with a Powerball of 11.
Estimates had earlier put the jackpot at around $600 million. But Powerball's online site said early Sunday that its latest tabulations of all tickets sold put that jackpot at an estimated $590.5 million.
Terry Rich, CEO of the Iowa Lottery, initially confirmed that one Florida winning ticket had been sold. He told AP that following a winner, the Powerball grand prize was being reset at an estimated jackpot of $40 million, or about $25.1 million cash value.
The chances of winning the prize were astronomically low: 1 in 175.2 million. That's how many different ways you can combine the numbers when you play. But lottery officials estimated that about 80 percent of those possible combinations had been purchased recently.
While the odds are low for any one individual or individuals, O'Connell said, the chance that one hits paydirt is what makes Powerball an "exciting game to play."
"There is just the chance that you will have the opportunity and Florida is a huge Powerball state. We have had more winners than any other state that participates in Powerball."
Such longshot odds didn't deter people across Powerball-playing states ? 43 plus Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands ? from lining up at gas stations and convenience stores Saturday for their chance at striking it filthy rich.
Calls by AP to the Publix supermarket where the winning ticket was sold were not answered early Sunday.
Before the drawing, there was a rush for tickets around the country.
At a mini market in the heart of Los Angeles' Chinatown, employees broke the steady stream of customers into two lines: One for Powerball ticket buyers and one for everybody else. Some people appeared to be looking for a little karma.
"We've had two winners over $10 million here over the years, so people in the neighborhood think this is the lucky store," employee Gordon Chan said as he replenished a stack of lottery tickets on a counter.
The world's largest jackpot was a $656 million Mega Millions jackpot in March 2012. If $600 million, the jackpot would currently include a $376.9 million cash option.
Clyde Barrow, a public policy professor at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, specializes in the gaming industry. He said one of the key factors behind the ticket-buying frenzy is the size of the jackpot ? people are interested in the easy investment.
"Even though the odds are very low, the investment is very small," he said. "Two dollars gets you a chance."
That may be why Ed McCuen has a Powerball habit that's as regular as clockwork. The 57-year-old electrical contractor from Savannah, Ga., buys one ticket a week, regardless of the possible loot. It's a habit he didn't alter Saturday.
"You've got one shot in a gazillion or whatever," McCuen said, tucking his ticket in his pocket as he left a local convenience store. "You can't win unless you buy a ticket. But whether you buy one or 10 or 20, it's insignificant."
Seema Sharma doesn't seem to think so. The newsstand employee in Manhattan's Penn Station purchased $80 worth of tickets for herself. She also was selling tickets all morning at a steady pace, instructing buyers where to stand if they wanted machine-picked tickets or to choose their own numbers.
"I work very hard ? too hard ? and I want to get the money so I can finally relax," she said. "You never know."
___
Associated Press Radio Correspondent Julie Walker and AP writers Jeffrey Collins in Columbia, S.C., Betsy Blaney in Lubbock, Texas, Russ Bynum in Savannah, Ga., John Rogers in Los Angeles and Verena Dobnick in New York contributed to this report.
___
Follow Barbara Rodriguez at http://twitter.com/bcrodriguez .
LONDON (Reuters) - European shares lifted off lows on Friday while the dollar held near a 10-month high against a basket of currencies as investors considered the prospect the Federal Reserve might begin easing off on asset buying.
The German Bund future meanwhile rose sharply on what traders said was market talk the European Central Bank had checked some banks' preparedness for a potential cut in its deposit rate to below zero.
European shares <.fteu3> bounced off session lows of 1,239.55 and were flat at 1,245.78, holding near five-year highs and on course for their fourth straight week of gains.
The dollar index rose 0.3 percent to 83.812 <.dxy>, close to this week's 10-month high of 84.094.
Early stock losses had been stoked by comments from San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank President John Williams who said on Thursday the Fed could begin easing its monetary stimulus in the summer and end bond buying late this year.
The Fed's purchases of $85 billion a month in bonds have helped trigger a global scramble for yield that has fuelled this year's massive rally in stocks.
"Opportunity cost is very much in favor of equities, and therefore when you have seen any weakness ... immediately you have big program trades buying," said Geoffroy Goenen, head of thematic European equity management at Dexia Asset Management.
"Equities are the only play in town for investors and even if the Fed becomes less accommodative after the summer, the central banks will still be supportive and interest rates are still low."
Thursday also saw calls from a trio of hawkish regional Federal Reserve officials for the U.S. central bank to stop buying mortgage-backed bonds.
The Bund future rose as much as 40 ticks to 145.71 on talk of a deposit rate cut into negative territory, effectively meaning banks would have to pay to park cash securely overnight at the ECB rather than lending it out.
"It is probably still the easiest of policy options (in terms of) unconventional measures," one trader said.
"If we do get some sort of deterioration (in the euro zone economy) I think it's likely we get negative rates and it's giving Bunds a bit of a bid today."
The Bund future made its biggest gain in six weeks on Thursday as weak U.S. economic data cast doubt on the strength of the recovery there and kept pressure on the Fed to keep its money-printing press running.
The data also knocked stocks and the dollar ahead of the Fed officials' comments, and concerns about future demand growth continued to limit gains in oil on Friday.
Brent crude edged above $104 a barrel, rebounding from an early decline and on track for a small weekly gain.
Copper rose 0.8 percent supported by tentative signs of better metals demand in top consumer China, but gains were capped by a stronger dollar and persistent worries about Chinese economic growth.
In Asia, MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan <.miapj0000pus> fell 0.4 percent to 479.33.
(Additional reporting by Atul Prakash; Editing by Catherine Evans)
Emergency personnel work at the scene where two Metro North commuter trains collided, Friday, May 17, 2013 near Fairfield, Conn. Bill Kaempffer, a spokesman for Bridgeport public safety, told The Associated Press approximately 49 people were injured, including four with serious injuries. About 250 people were on board the two trains, he said. (AP Photo/The Connecticut Post, Christian Abraham) MANDATORY CREDIT: CONNECTICUT POST, CHRISTIAN ABRAHAM
Emergency personnel work at the scene where two Metro North commuter trains collided, Friday, May 17, 2013 near Fairfield, Conn. Bill Kaempffer, a spokesman for Bridgeport public safety, told The Associated Press approximately 49 people were injured, including four with serious injuries. About 250 people were on board the two trains, he said. (AP Photo/The Connecticut Post, Christian Abraham) MANDATORY CREDIT: CONNECTICUT POST, CHRISTIAN ABRAHAM
Emergency workers arrive the scene of a train collision, Friday, may 17, 2013 in Fairfield, Conn. A New York-area commuter railroad says two trains have collided in Connecticut. The railroad says the accident involved a New York-bound train leaving New Haven. It derailed and hit a westbound train near Fairfield, Conn. Some cars on the second train also derailed. (AP Photo/The Connecticut Post, Christian Abraham) MANDATORY CREDIT
Injured passengers are transported from the scene where two Metro North commuter trains collided, Friday, May 17, 2013 near Fairfield, Conn. Bill Kaempffer, a spokesman for Bridgeport public safety, told The Associated Press approximately 49 people were injured, including four with serious injuries. About 250 people were on board the two trains, he said. (AP Photo/The Connecticut Post, Christian Abraham) MANDATORY CREDIT: CONNECTICUT POST, CHRISTIAN ABRAHAM
Passengers leave the area where two Metro North commuter trains collided, Friday, May 17, 2013 near Fairfield, Conn. Bill Kaempffer, a spokesman for Bridgeport public safety, told The Associated Press approximately 49 people were injured, including four with serious injuries. About 250 people were on board the two trains, he said. (AP Photo/The Connecticut Post, Christian Abraham) MANDATORY CREDIT: CONNECTICUT POST, CHRISTIAN ABRAHAM
Injured passengers are transported from the scene where two Metro North commuter trains collided, Friday, May 17, 2013 near Fairfield, Conn. Bill Kaempffer, a spokesman for Bridgeport public safety, told The Associated Press approximately 49 people were injured, including four with serious injuries. About 250 people were on board the two trains, he said. (AP Photo/The Connecticut Post, Christian Abraham) MANDATORY CREDIT: CONNECTICUT POST, CHRISTIAN ABRAHAM
FAIRFIELD, Conn. (AP) ? Officials described a devastating scene of shattered cars and other damage where two trains packed with rush-hour commuters collided in Connecticut, saying Saturday it's fortunate that no one was killed and that there weren't even more injuries.
Seventy-two people were sent to the hospital Friday evening after the crash, which damaged the tracks and threatened to snarl travel in the Northeast Corridor.
"The damage is absolutely staggering," said U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal, describing the shattered interior of cars and tons of metal tossed around. "I feel that we are fortunate that even more injuries were not the result of this very tragic and unfortunate accident."
U.S. Sen. Chris Murphy echoed that, saying it was "frankly amazing" people weren't killed on scene.
Both said new Metro-North Railroad cars built with higher standards may have saved lives.
Officials couldn't say when Metro-North service would be restored. The crash also caused Amtrak to suspend service between New York and Boston.
Gov. Dannel P. Malloy said commuters should make plans for alternative travel through the area and urged them to consult the state Department of Transportation website for information.
"I think this is going to be with us for a number of days," the governor said.
National Transportation Safety Board investigators arrived Saturday and are expected to be on site for seven to 10 days. They will look at the brakes and performance of the trains, the condition of the tracks, crew performance and train signal information, among other things.
NTSB board member Earl Weener said he would not speculate on a cause for the collision. He said data recorders on board are expected to provide the speed of the trains at the time of the crash and other information.
"Our mission is to understand not just what happened but why it happened and determine ways of preventing it from happening again," Weener said.
Asked whether there were any signs of foul play and if investigators could rule out any cause, Weener said: "It's too early to rule out anything. We just got on scene. That, of course, will be something we look at immediately."
But Blumenthal referred to the crash as an accident and Malloy said Friday there was no reason to believe it was anything other than that.
About 700 people were on board the Metro-North trains when one heading east from New York City's Grand Central Terminal to New Haven derailed at about 6:10 p.m. just outside Bridgeport, transit and Bridgeport officials said. Passengers described a chaotic, terrifying scene of crunching metal and flying bodies.
"All I know was I was in the air, hitting seats, bouncing around, flying down the aisle and finally I came to a stop on one seat," said Lola Oliver, 49, of Bridgeport. "It happened so fast I had no idea what was going on. All I know is we crashed."
The train was hit by a train heading west from New Haven to Grand Central on an adjacent track, Metropolitan Transportation Authority spokesman Aaron Donovan said. Some cars on the second train derailed as a result of the collision.
A spokeswoman for St. Vincent Medical Center said 46 people from the crash were treated there, with six of them admitted. All were in stable condition, she said.
A Bridgeport Hospital spokesman said 26 people from the crash were treated there, with three of them admitted. Two were in critical condition and one was in stable condition, he said. The other 23 were released.
Malloy said there was extensive damage to the train cars and the track. He said the accident will have a "big impact on the Northeast Corridor."
Bridgeport Mayor Bill Finch said the disruption caused by the crash could cost the region's economy millions of dollars.
"A lot of people rely on this, and we've got to get this reconnected as soon as possible," Finch said.
Passenger Frank Bilotti said he was returning from a business trip in Boston on the westbound train when it crashed.
"Everybody was pretty much tossed around," said Bilotti, 53, of Westport, who wasn't injured other than a sore neck.
He said the derailed train cars dug into the banks of the tracks.
"It was just a tremendous dust bowl," Bilotti said.
Firefighters used ladders to help people evacuate, he said.
"There were people on stretchers," he said. "There were people lying on the ground."
Blumenthal credited first responders, saying their "quick reactions and heroic efforts undoubtedly saved lives."
The area where the crash happened was already down to two tracks because of repair work, Malloy said. Crews have been working for a long time on the electric lines above the tracks, the power source for the trains. Malloy said Connecticut has an old system and no other alternate tracks.
The MTA operates the Metro-North Railroad, the second-largest commuter railroad in the nation. The Metro-North main lines ? the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven ? run northward from New York City's Grand Central Terminal into suburban New York and Connecticut.
___
Associated Press writers Michael Melia in Hartford, Conn., and Susan Haigh in Fairfield, Conn., contributed to this report.
Apple is very slowly, and we do mean very slowly, turning Apple TV into a more complete gadget.
The CW announced that it's going to offer its shows ad-supported on Apple TV as an app. The shows will be available the day after they air on TV, MacRumors reports.
The CW already offers this on Xbox, so Apple is mostly playing catch-up here.
Popular CW shows include 90201, Gossip Girl, and America's Next Top Model.
The Apple TV is a small $99 piece of hardware that does some video streaming. It has been surpassed in features by Roku's streaming gadget. Though, the Apple TV is probably out selling the Roku based on Apple's brand name alone.
For years now, people have expected a full-blown Apple television. Perhaps deals with content companies like CW are laying the groundwork for Apple to get in the TV business with an app-like model replacing channels.
Hello, My name is Drakkanis. Charmed to meet you all~
I found this site by Google search; I have seen it before but kept delaying to sign up until now due to a few changes in my life. Last year I became disabled which pretty much keeps me home most of the time, before then, I use to work a 9 hour evening shift at a large business.
Before working about few years ago, I was a rper for about seven years prior; was not the best at it, but the rps were mostly among friends until work took away my time to continue this hobby. I started again last year with a new friend online since most of my other friends had moved on, got jobs and had children. Everything was fine until life pretty much drifted my new friend and I apart; she has College and RL friends and no, I am not upset with her moving on since I was doing the same thing before I became disabled.
Anyway, with her gone and very few friends online anymore- I've decided to join this site in hopes to meet new friends and to rekindle my role-playing hobby as well as improve on my writing skills. My dream is to one day write stories and pursue a career in the art field as an illustrator once I adjust to this new life.
Ummm, about my roleplay style; I can be fluid with short/long descriptions or one liners, however, I do type very slow so if we were to ever rp through chat do not expect a quick reply lol.
I can also work with canon or OC characters; I prefer OC characters but not everyone does :D Generally I am open about almost everything... almost... I don't tolerate Godmodding in fights ( unless its an actual mod/admin stepping in) or other players who IC drama events in attempt to be the center of attention during every scene ESPECIALLY when other players are clearly in the middle of a task; I've had that experience far too many times for my liking.
If you have questions, please ask! And again - Nice to meet you all~
In new research published online May 13, 2013 in Advanced Materials, researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) are the first to report that synthetic silicate nanoplatelets (also known as layered clay) can induce stem cells to become bone cells without the need of additional bone-inducing factors. Synthetic silicates are made up of simple or complex salts of silicic acids, and have been used extensively for various commercial and industrial applications, such as food additives, glass and ceramic filler materials, and anti-caking agents.
Silicate nanoplatelets cause stem cells to become bone cells, as determined by the formation of bone matrix (in red). Image courtesy of Khademhosseini lab.
"With an aging population in the US, injuries and degenerative conditions are subsequently on the rise," said Ali Khademhosseini, PhD, BWH Division of Biomedical Engineering, senior study author. "As a result, there is an increased demand for therapies that can repair damaged tissues. In particular, there is a great need for new materials that can direct stem cell differentiation and facilitate functional tissue formation. Silicate nanoplatelets have the potential to address this need in medicine and biotechnology."
"Based on the strong preliminary studies, we believe that these highly bioactive nanoplatelets may be utilized to develop devices such as injectable tissue repair matrixes, bioactive fillers, or therapeutic agents for stimulating specific cellular responses in bone-related tissue engineering," said Akhilesh Gaharwar, PhD, BWH Division of Biomedical Engineering, first study author. "Future mechanistic studies will be performed to better understand underlying pathways that govern favorable responses, leading to a better understanding of how materials strategies can be leveraged to further improve construct performance and ultimately shorten patient recovery time."
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Brigham and Women's Hospital: http://www.brighamandwomens.org
Thanks to Brigham and Women's Hospital for this article.
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May 15, 2013 ? A team of researchers from Columbia University, City University of New York, the University of Central Florida (UCF), and Tohoku University and the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan, have directly observed a rare quantum effect that produces a repeating butterfly-shaped energy spectrum, confirming the longstanding prediction of this quantum fractal energy structure, called Hofstadter's butterfly.
The study, which focused on moir?-patterned graphene, is published in the May 15, 2013, Advance Online Publication (AOP) of Nature.
First predicted by American physicist Douglas Hofstadter in 1976, the Hofstadter butterfly emerges when electrons are confined to a two-dimensional sheet, and subjected to both a periodic potential energy (akin to a marble rolling on a sheet the shape of an egg carton) and a strong magnetic field. The Hofstadter butterfly is a fractal pattern -- it contains shapes that repeat on smaller and smaller size scales. Fractals are common in classical systems such as fluid mechanics, but rare in the quantum mechanical world. In fact, the Hofstadter butterfly is one of the first quantum fractals theoretically discovered in physics but, until now, there has been no direct experimental proof of this spectrum.
Previous efforts to study the Hofstadter butterfly, which has become a standard "textbook" theoretical result, attempted to use artificially created structures to achieve the required periodic potential energy. These studies produced strong evidence for the Hofstadter spectrum but were significantly hampered by the difficulty in creating structures that were both small and perfect enough to allow detailed study.
In order to create a periodic potential with a near-ideal length scale and also with a low degree of disorder, the team used an effect called a moir? pattern that arises naturally when atomically thin graphene is placed on an atomically flat boron nitride (BN) substrate, which has the same honeycomb atomic lattice structure as graphene but with a slightly longer atomic bond length. This work builds on years of experience with both graphene and BN at Columbia. The techniques for fabricating these structures were developed by the Columbia team in 2010 to create higher-performing transistors, and have also proven to be invaluable in opening up new areas of basic physics such as this study.
To map the graphene energy spectrum, the team then measured the electronic conductivity of the samples at very low temperatures in extremely strong magnetic fields up to 35 Tesla (consuming 35 megawatts of power) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. The measurements show the predicted self-similar patterns, providing the best evidence to date for the Hofstadter butterfly, and providing the first direct evidence for its fractal nature.
"Now we see that our study of moir?-patterned graphene provides a new model system to explore the role of fractal structure in quantum systems," says Cory Dean, the first author of the paper who is now an assistant professor at The City College of New York. "This is a huge leap forward -- our observation that interplays between competing length scales result in emergent complexity provides the framework for a new direction in materials design. And such understanding will help us develop novel electronic devices employing quantum engineered nanostructures."
"The opportunity to confirm a 40-year-old prediction in physics that lies at the core of most of our understanding of low-dimensional material systems is rare, and tremendously exciting," adds Dean. "Our confirmation of this fractal structure opens the door for new studies of the interplay between complexity at the atomic level in physical systems and the emergence of new phenomenon arising from complexity."
The work from Columbia University resulted from collaborations across several disciplines including experimental groups in the departments of physics (Philip Kim), mechanical engineering (James Hone), and electrical engineering (Kenneth Shepard) in the new Northwest Corner building, using the facilities in the CEPSR (Columbia's Schapiro Center for Engineering and Physical Science Research) microfabrication center. Similar results are concurrently being reported from groups led by Konstantin Novoselov and Andre Geim at the University of Manchester, and Pablo Jarillo-Herrero and Raymond Ashoori at MIT.
This week, Diary is whipping up an ultra-detoxing, super-energizing, liver-balancing treat for your drinking pleasure. This healthy, zesty blend is like sunshine in a cup (sans the harmful UV rays). The lemon and ginger support digestion and the immune system, while the grapefruit and orange are loaded with Vitamin C. With such a potent, tangy m?lange you won?t even notice you?re getting your daily serving of leafy greens at the same time. Use it as a refreshing kick-start to your day, or a zingy afternoon pick-me-up. Your body will thank you, and so will your taste buds. Cheers!
INGREDIENTS:
Serves 1 large or 2 small
1 grapefruit
1 orange
1 lemon
1 apple
1 tablespoon grated ginger
1 pinch of cayenne
1 large handful kale
1 cup water
3-4 ice cubes
Peel and slice the grapefruit, orange and lemon then chop the apple. Combine all ingredients in a blender and puree until smooth.
About CRISTINA GRASSI
And another spectacular social gal joins the team. Yay! Montreal native Cristina Grassi is an ambitious young NYU journalism student with a passion for all things health/wellness/fitness. She also likes to share (lucky us).
On March 5, 2001, Paul Heyman showed up at the Raw broadcast table alongside Jim Ross. It was a shocking moment. What was the brash visionary behind Extreme Championship Wrestling doing on WWE programming? ECW had been on hiatus for two months following the Guilty as Charged pay-per-view, but the assumption by many fans and ECW employees was that the company would eventually return. Heyman?s emergence as a WWE color commentator put the nail in ECW?s proverbial coffin (which, no doubt, would have been on fire).
But what would have happened if ECW hadn?t closed its doors? What could have kept it alive? What matches would have been presented at ECW?s next pay-per-view, Living Dangerously? Who would have been the organization?s next stars? How would ECW have evolved? WWEClassics.com talked to Heyman and others who were there at the company?s end to get the untold story behind the ECW that almost was.
What would you have wanted to see most if ECW didn?t?close?Vote now!
The Players:
PAUL HEYMAN ??owner and mastermind behind ECW, always capable of opening his mouth and delivering a Scarsdale surprise
TOMMY DREAMER ??The Innovator of Violence and beloved longtime hero who still hears chants of ?E-C-Dub!? at independent shows around the country
JOEY STYLES ??The Extreme Announcer, widely respected as the voice of ECW for the duration of the entire company
RHYNO ??The last-ever ECW World Champion and ECW Television Champion, which he held simultaneously at the company?s closing
STEVE CORINO ??The King of Old School, who often put his body on the line and entered the company?s final pay-per-view as the ECW World Champion
JERRY LYNN ??the recently retired former ECW World Champion, regarded as one of the best ring technicians of his generation
JOEY MERCURY ??current trainer in WWE?s developmental system and formerly known as Joey Matthews, one half of a bright young ECW tag team with Christian York
WWECLASSICS.COM: When Guilty as Charged happened in 2001, were you aware that it was the end of the company?
JOEY STYLES: Everyone who was in the inner circle knew that Paul was scratching and clawing for that last lifeline, be it an investment, be it getting on USA Network ??and there were discussions. We were close to getting that last lifeline. Knowing that there wasn?t going to be another Hardcore TV after Guilty as Charged, I knew it was the end.
Read more about behind the scenes of Guilty as Charged?| Watch highlights
TOMMY DREAMER: We were hoping and praying. Paul was telling us all that he was doing everything in his power to keep us afloat. We had good signs. That show was sold out and it was a really good show. Paul was telling us that there were talks of us going to USA Network.
STEVE CORINO: I went down there that day thinking, ?Ah, man. This could be it.? I remember one of the pay-per-view guys asking Paul if he should run an ad for the March pay-per-view. Paul told him to run it. People can say what they want about Paul ? that he lied or manipulated. But to me, Paul was always the ultimate optimist. He believed he was going to save it.
JERRY LYNN: Yeah, I had a feeling. It wasn?t for sure, but the rumors were floating around and we were a couple months behind in pay. I had heard the night before that we were only getting half our paychecks for that pay-per-view. Things were looking bleak. They had been for a while.
JOEY MERCURY: I remember the second to last show in Poplar Bluff, Mo., we all went out after the show. I remember Sandman telling me, ?I don?t care what anybody tells you, kid. This is it. It?s all over.? I was in disbelief. Minutes after he told me that, Dreamer walked in the door and sat down at the table. That clued me in, because Dreamer never came out with us. The next night in Arkansas, I went outside the building to look at the stars and Tommy came out and saw me. I asked, ?Is this it?? And he said, ?Yeah. This is it.? Tommy apologized and said, ?I?m so sorry. I did what I could.? I got emotional. I still have the empty Budweiser can from the beer bash we had in the ring at the end of the night.
Visit Joey Mercury?s?Alumni profile
PAUL HEYMAN:I don?t think this is any secret. Universal Music was coming in to purchase a minority share of ECW. Which is why, after we were off TNN, our videos started appearing on ?Doug & Jimmy?s Farm Club? on USA Network. Doug & Jimmy were Doug Morris and Jimmy Iovine, the co-chairmen of Universal Music. The concept was: one, exploit the massive financing available from Universal Music; two, use Universal?s distribution for our DVDs and CDs; three, utilize their web development teams as we expanded into the ever-growing Internet platforms that were becoming available in 2001.
After inspiring all of us on Earth, Commander Chris Hadfield and crew have finally re-joined us here. The Soyuz space capsule landed safely at 10:31 PM EDT in Kazakhstan. Hadfield had spent 144 days on the ISS, 2,336 orbits around the planet and totaled up around 62 million miles. That's a lot of miles!
The Soyuz capsule landed vertically, which is the preferred position. The crew, which includes Canadian Astronaut Chris Hadfield, NASA astronaut Tom Marshburn and Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, are back on Earth and reportedly all feeling good as they re-adjust to the gravity. Marshburn was one of the astronauts who performed the awe-inspiring emergency spacewalk to fix the leak of ammonia coolant two days ago.
The landing of the capsule comes a little over three hours since the capsule undocked from the ISS. It marks the end of the ISS' Expedition 35 Crew in space. The crew will head over to the medical tent to get all properly tested and fixed for normal Earth life. Or as normal life can be in the eyes of men who were in space.
Today is turning out to be quite a memorable Monday -- hot on the heels of Yahoo's Tumblr acquisition announcement, online food ordering services GrubHub and Seamless have 
INGREDIENTS:
